Nigeria’s national anthem, like those of many countries, has a rich history that reflects the nation’s journey towards independence and its subsequent evolution as a sovereign state. Here’s a detailed look at the history of Nigeria’s national anthem:

Early Anthem: “Nigeria, We Hail Thee

1. Post-Independence Anthem (1960-1978):
   – “Nigeria, We Hail Thee” was the first national anthem of Nigeria. It was adopted in 1960 when Nigeria gained independence from Britain.
   – The lyrics were written by Lillian Jean Williams, a British expatriate, while the music was composed by Frances Berda.

2. Lyrics:
   – The anthem expressed patriotism and the hope for a prosperous future. Here are the lyrics of “Nigeria, We Hail Thee”:
     “`
     Nigeria, we hail thee,
     Our own dear native land,
     Though tribes and tongues may differ,
     In brotherhood we stand,
     Nigerians all, and proud to serve
     Our sovereign motherland.
     Our flag shall be a symbol
     That truth and justice reign,
     In peace or battle honour’d,
     And this we count as gain,
     To hand on to our children
     A banner without stain.
     O God of all creation,
     Grant this our one request,
     Help us to build a nation
     Where no man is oppressed,
     And so with peace and plenty
     Nigeria may be blessed.
     “`

Current Anthem: “Arise, O Compatriots

1. Adoption of a New Anthem (1978):
   – By the late 1970s, there was a growing sentiment that the national anthem should reflect Nigeria’s indigenous identity and post-colonial aspirations.
   – A national competition was held in 1978 to find new lyrics and music for a new national anthem.

2. Composition and Lyrics:
   – The lyrics of the new anthem, “Arise, O Compatriots,” were a collective effort by five individuals: John A. Ilechukwu, Eme Etim Akpan, B.A. Ogunnaike, Sotu Omoigui, and P.O. Aderibigbe.
   – The music was composed by the Nigerian Police Band under the directorship of Benedict E. Odiase.

3. Lyrics:
   – The anthem reflects themes of unity, service, and patriotism. Here are the lyrics of “Arise, O Compatriots”:
     “`
     Arise, O compatriots,
     Nigeria’s call obey
     To serve our fatherland
     With love and strength and faith.
     The labour of our heroes past
     Shall never be in vain,
     To serve with heart and might
     One nation bound in freedom, peace and unity.

     Oh God of creation,
     Direct our noble cause
     Guide our leaders right
     Help our youth the truth to know
     In love and honesty to grow,
     And living just and true
     Great lofty heights attain
     To build a nation where peace and justice shall reign.
     “`

Significance and Legacy

– The current anthem, “Arise, O Compatriots,” is a symbol of national pride and reflects Nigeria’s aspirations for unity, peace, and progress.
– It is performed at official events, schools, and various public gatherings, reminding Nigerians of their shared heritage and responsibilities.
– Both the old and new anthems have played crucial roles in fostering national identity and patriotism in Nigeria’s post-independence history.

In conclusion, Nigeria’s national anthem has evolved from its initial post-colonial form to one that resonates more deeply with the nation’s indigenous values and aspirations. It remains a powerful symbol of Nigeria’s unity and the enduring spirit of its people.